Concept Of Culture For Organizational Business - 1519 Words

When examining the significance of the concept of culture for organizational business, we first must identify the two theories of culture theory and organizational theory. Diving into these two theories, we will review in detail of how each impact a family-owned business and how the effectiveness of the management and leadership summarize the culture of the business while evaluating the different purposes about the nature of culture and the organization business. The evaluation will require a reflection on the concept of culture; â€Å"Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.† (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2012).†¦show more content†¦In detail, how organizational culture impacts people and organizational outcomes begins with developing a model of effectiveness. As we have discussed in earlier work, trait theory in leadership, the four tr aits of organizational cultures are adaptability, consistency, involvement and mission. â€Å"Two of the traits, involvement and adaptability, are indicators of flexibility, openness, and responsiveness, and were strong predictors of growth. The other two traits, consistency and mission, are indicators of integration, direction, and vision, and were better predictors of profitability. Each of the four traits were also significant predictors of other effectiveness criteria such as quality, employee satisfaction, and overall performance.† (Banto). These traits represent the culture that breed’s success for an organization; As stated above each trait plays a significant role in organizations; beginning with a mission- it informs a collective identity that influences the group to communicate and understand the goal for the organization. Next, adaptability, which prescribes behavior that is made cleared to each group member the â€Å"do’s and don’ts† by knowing the policies for the situation at hand. As we continue, consistency, which helps the group, work together to meet the vision of the direction of the organization. Lastly, involvement, being accountable for the role given, it provides structure with in-group that creates trust and develops motivation with each person to

Leaders Should Be A Successful Leader - 1570 Words

Gary Yukl (2006) defines leadership as â€Å"the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.† (Educational leadership: A reference handbook 2002) A leader needs to take control of its employees in a workplace. They should be a trusted person, and also be a people person. Without communication, effective leadership will become a failure, due to the fact that nobody will understand what is going on in the work place. Goal setting for leaders is one of the most important factors, as they want to become a successful leader, by achieving goals for the organisation, for that to become successful as†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You can’t always come in shouting and screaming. That doesn’t work. No one likes to get criticized. But in the football dressing room, it’s necessary that you point out your play ers’ mistakes. I do it right after the game. I don’t wait until Monday, I do it, and it’s finished. I’m on to the next match. There is no point in criticizing a player forever.† (The Guardian 2012) The messages that Ferguson gave to his player’s helped him gain respect in the footballing world as many former players label him as the greatest manager they’ve had. Ferguson had began his United managerial career with a strong foundation. Although in his earlier years, he had some had some mischievous players in his team, as many would go out and drink lot’s of alcohol and smoke cigarettes, which ruined their health for the play Football, however he managed to turn that around and guide them to win trophies. A leadership model you can apply to him here is Transformational Leadership, A transformational leader is a person who stimulates and inspires (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes (Robbins and Coulter, 2007) S ir Alex Ferguson, had expectations and visions for his players, and they were to be a role model and behave on and off the pitch, and succeed in winning matches and trophies. He would of then set goals to achieve for the club, whichShow MoreRelatedEssay on Keys to a Successful Organization1205 Words   |  5 Pagescomponents to any successful organization. These two components are strong leadership and effective management. When it comes right down to the more important of the two, leadership leads the way in being the key to a successful business. There are many skills and characteristic traits needed to be a strong leader in the workplace, and many people get confused about the two. Also, one must know why a leader is so crucial by evaluating their role in making the organization successful. LeadershipRead MoreOrganizational and Corporation Management761 Words   |  3 Pagesbusiness leader to own, and the snare that they should to avoid in China. We will discuss some behaviour we expect of business leaders can have. Leaders are those who hope that the relationship between the leaders and those who choose to follow. How to become a successful leader will dependent to build good human relationships and that is the use of those workers ability (Kouzes, J. M. Posner, B. Z., 2003). We can find five good behaviours that is becoming a successful business leader. FirstlyRead MoreMachiavellis The Prince And Plato1417 Words   |  6 Pagesportrays life as it should be in an ideal state, whereas Machiavelli’s The Prince, takes a more realistic point of view. Machiavelli is less interested with what things should be and is more concerned about how the world is and how a good leader should lead in this world. It is easy to fall in love with Platonic views on leadership because people want to believe that the world is wholly good and that everything can work out perfectly, however that is simply not the case. Of the two leaders presented inRead MoreA Good Leader: Odysseus and Gilgamesh1410 Words   |  6 PagesStrength, determination and dedication are a few examples of characteristics, which a leader should possess. Characteristics of a good leader may vary in the eye of the beholder, however, I believe that overall there are a few qualities that are criticall y important. Throughout a person’s life, the experiences they endure shape them and build them into an individual. Like the lugals in Mesopotamia, it is a leaders obligation to protect and serve. In the Mycenaean civilization the Wanax stood at theRead MoreComparative Essay About Significant Leadership Skills Based on Three Research Articles890 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness. Leader can be described as a person who guides and supports his subordinates to achieve a common goal. Leader should possess a number of specific skills that may help him to organise and direct a group of people. Successful leadership requires a range of special qualities, such as communication skills or an ability to work under pressure. Three recent articles (Cappelli et al. 2010, Ladkin and Weber 2011, Useem 2010) have analysed a variety of characteristics of successful leaders. 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You are responsible for carrying your business and your team down the road of success. In order to become the best business leader that you can be, you must develop the methods and habits of other successful business leaders. Here areRead MoreWhat Makes A Successful Nurse Leader?1624 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome a successful nurse leader? Many people have different ideas on what makes a leader successful. The professional nurse leader is someone who is looked up to and admired. Most nurses are leaders already without even knowing it. With the proper preparation and guidance, all nurses have the potential to be great leaders and managers. Manager vs. leader The terms manager and leader are often used interchangeably, but in reality they possess very different qualities. It can be said that leaders needRead MoreChallenges Faced By Leaders Are Made, And Other Who Believe Leaders925 Words   |  4 Pagesthose who believe leaders are made, and other who believe leaders are born. Whether it is through nature or nurture, a good, and effective leader must evolve in order to be successful in today’s environments and with the challenges present in various organizations. Some organizations are heavily diverse, or deal with new technology. Leaders have to work in a emerging global economy. Knowledge management and organizational structures provide even more challenges for teams and leaders. This paper willRead MoreLeadership As A Leader Of A Country1059 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is a concept that many probably think is a clear-cut subject that is well understood and extremely recognizable. Many would picture an all-powerful individ ual in a leadership postion, such as a chief execuative officer (CEO) of a company or a leader of a country. These individuals, most people would identify as obvious examples of people who have qualties, skills, or traits that have set themsleves apart from â€Å"the common man† and propelled them into the positions they now hold. It would surpirse

athens rome - 904 Words

Athens: amp;#61623; Democracy-rule by the people amp;#61623; Power in Council amp;#61623; Leading the Council was oligarchy (small group of rulers who controlled the judicial, military, civil and religious functions of government) amp;#61623; Oligarchy became powerful and passed laws for its benefit amp;#61623; Farmers and merchants revolted amp;#61623; Nobles saw the danger in the future, so they distributed land of the wealthy to the poor and it gave Assembly power to pass laws and elect gov’t officials amp;#61623; Direct democracy developed-more people had a say in gov’t amp;#61623; Beliefs: Majority rule (law making process and jury trials), all citizens equal amp;#61623; Women, slaves and foreigners were not citizens- unable†¦show more content†¦in parliament , in order to tax and change laws European Philosophers: amp;#61623; John Locke-natural rights (people were born with life, liberty, and property), when gov’t established, there is a social contract btwn. the people and gov’t, if the gov’t does not meet needs of people, people can form new gov’t.-ideas incorporated in DI amp;#61623; Montesquieu-French-no one person was allowed to make, enforce or interpret laws in England’s gov’t. Believed division of power prevented abuse- ideas in Constitution for separation of power amp;#61623; Rousseau-French-people had right to determine how they should be governed and not some tyrant Colonial Influence: amp;#61623; Mercantilism-nation trying to export more than import-solely for benefit of mother country. This would help mother country strengthen treasury and build military. In return, colonies got protection. amp;#61623; House of Burgesses (1619)-king instructed colonies to setup own assembly-helped with two foundation of American gov’t, (1) rep. were elected from own community and (2) Americans had chance to experience rep. gov’t. and solved own problems amp;#61623; Mayflower Compact-by the pilgrims-Americans live under a gov’t of their choosing, direct democracy, majority rule, laws should treat all fairly amp;#61623;Show MoreRelatedPantheon of Rome and the Parthenon of Athens549 Words   |  2 PagesPantheon of Rome and the Parthenon of Athens Introduction Since the times of ancient Rome, there has been work of art including architecture. The invention of architectural objects boosted the construction industry and among the results of architecture was building of temples. Since the ancient people like the romans had beliefs in gods, they constructed temples, places of worship. Among them were the Pantheon of Rome and the Parthenon of Athens. 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How Drilling Should Be Approved For Their Families

People Have to Eat Hitting an oil well on someone’s land is the dream of a lot of oil miners. Most oil miners have never seen a new well being tapped, that’s because of the technology available to people. Most oil miners will never experience the tapping of a fresh oil well. For the most part, all the untapped oil deposits are in endangered landscapes that are protected by sanctions, and or preservation laws. With all that untapped oil lying dormant in a deposit, it infuriates people that believe in drilling to provide for their families. There are millions of jobless people that would kill to have a job, and preserving the oil I these landscapes prevents jobs to grow in the world. Many preservationists just†¦show more content†¦With the exception of small groups of people (Amish), this would lead a person to feel unplugged from the world and make it mentally seem like the dark ages in their heads. In a modern society oil made products are closer than you thin k, they are all around people’s daily lives without them even giving any thought that oil is really important in everything that is needed to live a modern life .With a world demanding electronics and the most advance auto mechanics, more oil is the key. Oil is the most precious commodity in today’s world and 90 percent of people don’t know how much oil made products affect their daily lives. Drilling for oil should not be a concern, the concern should me moved to how to get rid of the bi products and the waste material that is left back and released into the atmosphere. First, drilling should be approved in the U.S. because it is needed for everyday life. People use oil everyday whether they know this or not, and these are the same people who insists that oil drilling should not be permitted in delicate landscapes. The U.S. has been focusing on offshore drilling, which brings in the most oil every year, according to Applied Hydro-Aeromechanics in Oil and Gas Dr illing ‘during the last period large amounts of Americans were paying much attention to their energy uses’(Eugeniy 6) and one of the main sources of this energy consumption comes from oil. Applied Hydro-Aeromechanics in Oil and Gas

Improving Eye Care Rural India Free Essays

How private entrepreneurship is taking quality oculus attention to the rural multitudes Introduction CATARACT refers to the clouding of the lens in the human oculus, impacting vision.[ 1 ]In the underdeveloped universe, cataract is the cause for sightlessness in about half the unsighted population i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Eye Care Rural India or any similar topic only for you Order Now 50 % of the recorded figure of blindness instances.[ 2 ]While jobs of unavailability continue to blight many parts of the developing universe – about two-thirds of the population in many developing states are unable to entree quality medical resources A ; substructure chiefly because quality medical attention or oculus attention in this instance is still urban-centric[ 3 ]– all hope is non lost yet. In India excessively, where 90 % of the instances are treatable, most Indians lack entree to quality oculus attention.[ 4 ]In the early 1990s, the state was home to a 3rd of the universe ‘s unsighted people and here excessively cataract sightlessness was the major cause in most instances. The World Bank decided to step in and assist the Indian authorities trade with the job, passing $ 144.8 million between 1994 and 2002 on the Cataract Blindness Control Project under which 15.3 million oculus surgeries were performed.[ 5 ]The World Bank-funded undertaking was mostly implemented in northern India and it helped cut down the incidence of cataract, in the provinces that were covered under this undertaking, by half. But India is a really large state and it decidedly needs a more sustainable attack to covering with cataract sightlessness given that it has a ample ageing population. One such attack is the Aravind Eye Care System, a three-decade old run that has been contending catarac t sightlessness preponderantly in the southern Indian province of Tamil Nadu. Working in the same way is the L V Prasdad Eye Institue, runing from the neighboring province of Andhra Pradesh. Both Aravind and LVPEI, apparatus in the mid 1970s and the mid 1980s severally, have been focused on taking quality oculus attention to the rural multitudes from the really first, most of it free of cost. In the larger context, this paper discusses how private entrepreneurship is taking quality Eye Care to the rural multitudes in India. This paper will discourse the Eye Care bringing theoretical account aimed at contending Cataract Blindness in the context of the Culture-Centered Approach ( CCA ) . The Culture-Centered Approach advoates greater engagment with the local civilization, â€Å" through duologues with community members † , to guarantee â€Å" just † and â€Å" accessible † health care across communities ( Dutta-Bergman, 2004a, 2004b ; Dutta and Basu 2007 as quoted in Dutta, 2008 ) . Furthermore, this paper will utilize the Drawn-out Technology-Community-Management ( TCM ) theoretical account ( Chib A ; Komathi, 2008 ) to explicate the intersections between engineering, community and the direction of information communicating engineerings ( ICT ) in the context of the CCA and the Eye Care bringing theoretical account adopted by the private health care p articipants i.e. the non-governmental administrations ( NGOs ) . Harmonizing to the TCM theoretical account ( Lee A ; Chib, 2008 ) , the intersection of ICT features of engineering, along with the dimensions of package and hardware, undertaking direction dimensions of fiscal demands, the regulative environment, and stakeholder engagement, along with local community engagement â€Å" will finally take to sustainable ICTD intercessions. † Culture-Centered Approach Globalization has led to an increasing realization that the Biomedical[ 6 ]theoretical account of health care is limited in range when prosecuting in issues of planetary wellness ( Dutta, 2008 ) . Furthermore, Dutta ( 2008 ) says that many societies now feel the demand to â€Å" open up the infinites of wellness communicating to the voices of cultural communities † i.e. there is now greater awarness of the demand for better battle with marginalised communities. Culture is dynamic. That civilization has an of import function to play in wellness communicating is better understood today. But this construct began pulling widespread attending merely in the early 1980s, particularly in the U.S. when health care practicians felt a demand to follow multiple schemes to turn to the health-related issues of a multicultural population ( Dutta, 208 ) . â€Å" This helped oppugn the universalist premises of assorted wellness communicating plans † aimed at the developing states and the so called third-world states ( Dutta, 2008 ) . The Culture-Centered Approach was born out of the demand to oppose the dominant attack of wellness communicating, located within the Biomedical theoretical account, where wellness is treated as a â€Å" cosmopolitan construct based on Eurocentric[ 7 ]apprehensions of health-related issues, disease and the intervention of diseases † ( Dutta, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Dutta ( 2008 ) , the CCA is a better alternate to understanding wellness communicating because it is a â€Å" value-centered † attack. The CCA is built on the impression that the â€Å" significances of wellness † can non be cosmopolitan because they are ingrained within cultural contextsm, he argues. The CCA has its roots in three cardinal constructs i.e. ‘structure ‘ , ‘agency ‘ and ‘culture ‘ . The term ‘culture ‘ refers to the local context within which so called wellness significances are created and dealt with. ‘Structure ‘ encompasses nutrient, shelter, medical services and transportational services that are all critical to the overall health care of assorted members of a community. ‘Agency ‘ points to the â€Å" capacity of cultural members † to negociate the constructions within which they live. It must be noted that ‘structure ‘ , ‘agency ‘ and ‘culture ‘ and entwined and they do non run in isolation. Dutta ( 2008 ) , in his book Communicating Health, farther elaborates that the CCA throws visible radiation on how the dominant health care political orientation serves the demands of those in power. Powerful members of society create conditions of marginalistaion. Therefore the focal point of the CCA lies in the survey of the intersections between ‘structure, ‘agency ‘ and ‘culture in the context of marginalised communities. To understand better the jobs faced by the marginalised, the CCA advocates the health care practicians engage in duologues with members of the concerned community. Each community has its ain set of narratives to portion and this is critical to understanding the local civilization. The CCA besides aims to document opposition, of any sort, to dominant political orientations as this helps beef up the instance of the CCA against the dominant health care theoretical account. The CCA, harmonizing to Dutta ( 2008 ) , provides sufficient range to analyze physician-patient relationships, in a command to finally better the health care bringing theoretical account. Adopting the CCA is merely half your job solved ; the integrating of the CCA with the Extended TCM theoretical account completes the image. The Extended TCM Model The TCM theoretical account ( Lee A ; Chib, 2008 ) argues that the larger inquiry of societal sustainability depends on both local relevancy and institutional support. The TCM Model proposes that the intersection of ICT features of engineering, along with the dimensions of package and hardware, undertaking direction dimensions of fiscal demands, the regulative environment, and stakeholder engagement, along with local community engagement, will finally take to sustainable ICTD intercessions ( See Figure 1.1 ) . Figure 1.1: The TCM Model. The TCM theoretical account was further revised. Community was subdivided to include: manners of ownership of ICT investings and net incomes ; preparation of community users both in the usage and in engineering direction ; and the basic demands of the community. Furthermore, Sustainability was besides subdivided into fiscal and societal ( see Figure 1.2 ) . RTCM.jpg Figure 1.2: The Revised TCM Model Chib A ; Komathi ( 2009 ) found that the TCM Model was unequal as it could non analyze the critical issue of exposure. Therefore, their survey improved on this insufficiency by adding important factors and variables associating to exposure. They extended the TCM theoretical account, and called it the Extended Technology-Community-Management ( Extended TCM ) theoretical account ( see Figure1.3 ) . Figure 1.3: The Extended TCM Model This new model on ICT planning histories for community engagement, the direction constituents, the overall design of engineerings such as telemedicine or tele-consultation, and rating of bing exposures in the community where these engineerings are implemented. It identifies four dimensions of exposures act uponing engineering execution among the rural hapless: economic exposure, informational exposure, physiological/psychological exposure, and socio-cultural exposure. Chib A ; Komathi ( 2009 ) farther explain each dimension of exposure: Physiological and psychological exposures refer to the physical and mental wellbeing of an affected individual, or a specific community. Informational exposure trades with the entree to and handiness of information within affected communities. Informational resources include personal paperss, books and critical informations, sentiment leaders and professional experts, . The deficiency of such resources affects the capablenesss of people who are dependent on them. In a rural scene, informational exposure is farther augmented by the low literacy degrees and deficiency of pertinent â€Å" technological accomplishments necessary to enable the acquisition and processing of information. † The economic exposure is sparked off by the loss of support i.e. a loss of activities that otherwise financially back up families and prolong economic growing in a rural scene. The socio-cultural exposure of communities is deter mined by â€Å" the construction and values of a given society that define human relationships in communities. † Hierarchies in any society ( gender, race, faith, caste, age and category equalitarianism within communities ) or a community frequently dictate entree to resources and assets, and the decision-making power of people. Cataract Blindness in India At the beginning, one has to understand the agonies of the blind in India, in a rural scene – sightlessness, irrespective of the cause, consequences in a loss of support for an person. In rural India, like elsewhere, this would interpret into one less gaining member in the household, doing the unsighted individual a load to his/her household. This leads to a loss of self-respect and position in the household. In consequence, blind people in rural India, like in many other societies, are marginalized. Enter Aravind and LVPEI, who continue to endeavor to assist blind people in rural India and authorise them by giving them back their sight. There are many causes of sightlessness, like Diabetes for case. But Cataract is one of the prima causes of sightlessness in the underdeveloped universe. Records in India show that Cataract is the most important cause of sightlessness in the state ( Nirmalan et al. 2002 A ; Murthy et Al. 2001 ) . Cataract, studies say, is responsible for 50 to 80 per cent of the bilaterally blind ( Thulsiraj et al. 2003 A ; Thulsiraj et Al. 2002 ) .The aged are more at hazard of developing Cataract. India aims to extinguish gratuitous sightlessness by 2020 in line with ‘Vision 2020: the right to spy enterprise ‘ , launched jointly by the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) and the International Agency for Prevention of Blindness ( IAPB ) . Many administrations worldwide are besides working in the way of extinguishing gratuitous sightlessness ( Foster, 2001 ) . The authorities in India and the World Bank launched the Cataract Blindness Control Project in seven provinces across India in 1994.A A From stopping point to 1.2 million cataract surgeries a twelvemonth in the 1980s ( Minassian A ; Mehra 1990 ) , Cataract surgical end product tripled to 3.9 million per twelvemonth by 2003 ( Jose, 2003 ) . In 2004, World Health Organization ( WHO ) information showed that there was a 25 per cent lessening in blindness prevalence in India ( Resnikoff et al. 2004 ) — the ground ( s ) could be the addition in Cataract surgeries countrywide. But there is a larger job here, that of population growing. The elderly population in India ( those aged over 60 old ages ) population which stood at 56 million people in the twelvemonth 1991 is expected to duplicate by the twelvemonth 2016 ( Kumar, 1997 ) . This ‘greying ‘ of India ‘s population merely suggests that the figure of people ‘at-risk ‘ of developing Cataract is invariably on the rises. In the larger sense, this paper aims to demo how private entrepreneurship in India is taking quality oculus attention to the rural multitudes in that state. This paper aimed to discourse the same through two instance surveies, that of the Aravind Eye Care system every bit good as the L V Prasad Eye Institute ( LVPEI ) . Unfortunately, email correspondence with LVPEI failed to arouse responses from this organisation. Given the restrictions of this survey, including clip restraints, this paper will explicate the Aravind Eye Care system in the context of rural Eye Care in India and the battle against Cataract Blindness – all this within the model of the CCA. Furthermore, this paper will review the concern theoretical account of NGOs like Aravind in the context of the Extended TCM theoretical account, including whether for-profit administrations are utilizing the rural multitudes to back up their concern theoretical account. In peculiar, what is the function of the health care supplier in this instance – disseminate cognition to the grass-roots or live-off their health care bringing theoretical account? Aravind Eye Care Dr. G. Venkataswamy had a really simple vision when he foremost setup Aravind Eye Care in 1976: â€Å" Eradicate gratuitous sightlessness at least in Tamil Nadu, his place province, if non in the full state of India. † Aravind began as an 11-bed private clinic in the laminitis ‘s brother ‘s house in the southern Indian metropolis of Madurai. Today, the Aravind Eye Hospital ( AEH ) at Madurai is a 1,500 bed infirmary. In add-on to Madurai, there are four more AEHs in Tamil Nadu ( Aravind.org ) with a combined sum of over 3,500 beds. By 2003 the Aravind Eye Care System as we know it today was up and running. The System continues to run under the auspices of a non-profit-making trust named the Govel Trust – it comprises of a fabrication installation ( for fabricating man-made lenses, suturas, and pharmaceuticals related to oculus attention ) ; oculus infirmaries ; instruction and preparation ( graduate institute of ophthalmology ) ; research installations ( complete with an oculus bank ) ; ) and a centre for community outreach plans ( Prahlad, 2004 ) . A typical twenty-four hours at Aravind now has physicians executing about 1,000 surgeries including free surgeries ; 5-6 outreach cantonments in rural countries where about 1,500 people are examined and near to 300 people are brought to an AEH for oculus surgery ( TED, 2009 ) . How does Aravind make it? The administration has setup ‘vision centres ‘ or clinics in distant small towns, fitted with basic oculus attention equipment. Each clinic is manned by an ophthalmic helper and â€Å" these clinics perform basic scrutinies ; order disciplinary lenses and handle minor complaints. † If an oculus complaint can be cured by the application of oculus beads, these clinics are equipped to make so. For more complicated instances, such as Cataract Blindness, the patient consults an eye doctor based at an AEH in a nearby metropolis via the videoconferencing path. If the patient needs disciplinary surgery, he/she is asked to skip onto a coach waiting outside the ‘vision Centre ‘ that takes them to the nearest Aravind basal infirmary. The patients are operated upon the undermentioned twenty-four hours ; they spend a twenty-four hours in post-operative attention and so take a coach back to their small towns — all free of cost ( Laks, 2009 ) .[ 8 ] But it was n’t all gung-ho in the beginning ; more difficult work than anything else. There was no specific Outreach squad. A Everyone in the pool was asked to take part in Outreach programme. A † In the beginning ( in 1976-77 ) Dr. V and a little squad would see small towns and behavior oculus testing cantonments. Those who required Cataract surgery would so be advised to see the base infirmary for surgery. But Dr.V found that a bulk of those advised to undergo surgery would dropout, owing to socio-economic factors like fright of surgery ; deficiency of trust on Restoration of sight ; no money to pass for conveyance, nutrient and station operative medical attention and ( their ) opposition to western medical specialty, † harmonizing to the caput of Outreach activities at Aravind, R. Meenakshi Sundaram in his electronic mail response to my questions. These barriers were bit by bit addressed through assorted schemes. â€Å" We decided to affect small town heads and local organisations to take ownership of the Outreach programmes, in footings of placing the right location for the Eye Camp and supplying the needed support installations. Their aid was cardinal to community mobilisation. We organized a squad to standardise the quality in Eye Care service bringing. Furthermore, Dr. V focussed his attending on edifice infirmaries like one ‘s place where we usually expect basic civilization and values, † said Mr. Sundaram. â€Å" Fear of surgery was a common barrier in add-on to other factors. Possibly the credence for surgery was low in the beginning. But it was invariably explained at the community degree whenever cantonments were organized as the programme aims to function people at big. Particularly, in the twelvemonth 1992 the Intra Ocular Lens ( IOL ) was introduced and the rural community did non believe in holding a ‘foreign atom ‘ in their eyes. We came across a batch of myths. Those issues were addressed thru guidance, † added Mr. Sundaram. Recognizing the impact of guidance, a cell was developed within the System in 1992 and seven counselors were trained in the first batch of counselors ‘ preparation. They were given a basic orientation about common oculus jobs with a particular focal point on IEC. ‘Patient counselors ‘ i.e. patients who had undergone oculus surgery were asked to assist the Outreach squad. â€Å" They played their function in explicating oculus jobs in the local linguistic communication and tried to assist others recognize the effects of neglecting to accept surgery. Sing the myths, a existent IOL was used as instruction stuff to assist the rural common people understand the construct of the IOL, † Mr Sundaram said. The figure of counselors has steadily risen of all time since and stands at 179 at nowadays. How is the Aravind Eye Care System possible? Fiscal self-sustainability was the primary focal point from twenty-four hours one at Aravind. Initially, the organisation was given a grant by the authorities to assist subsidise the intervention costs for oculus cantonment patients ( Prahlad, 2004 ) and the Govel Trust besides pledged belongingss to raise money from Bankss in the early yearss. Prahlad ( 2004 ) states that the Madurai AEH, the first, was ever self-supporting every bit far as repeating outgos were concerned. Within the first five old ages of operation, the Madurai AEH had accumulated excess grosss for farther development and for the building of four other infirmaries in the Tamil Nadu province. He adds that over the old ages, the patient grosss generated from its five infirmaries located in five metropoliss finance the Aravind Eye Care System to a great extent. Furthermore, Aravind has besides taken to the management-contract path and it manages two infirmaries outside of its home-state. While metropolis common people are charged market rates for each consultancy and for surgery, patients in distant small towns pay merely Rs. 20 for three consultancies or SGD 0.60. ( TED, 2009 ) . Those who can afford to pay, the urban common people who visit Aravind ‘s infirmaries in urban locations on their ain, do non acquire discounted rates. Such a system of cross-subsidies ensures that merely 45 percent wage while the remainder are non charged at all i.e. about five out of every 10 patients examined at Aravind can be provided free oculus attention, including oculus surgery ( TED, 2009 ) . A cross-subsidising fiscal theoretical account is non the lone mantra[ 9 ]to Aravind ‘s success. Having been in the concern of presenting quality Eye Care for over three decennaries now, the System is well-positioned to leverage on the Aravind brand-name to pull contributions. Over the old ages, the organisation has received international acknowledgment for its work and this includ es the 2008 Gates Award for Global Health, and this twelvemonth ‘s Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize that carries a US $ 1.5 million hard currency award. Last but non the least is the money that flows into Aravind in the signifier of specific project-funding. One such patron is the London-based ‘Seeing Is Believing ‘ ( SiB ) Trust, a coaction between Standard Chartered Bank and the International Agency for Prevention of Blindness ( IAPB ) . Since 2003, ‘Seeing is Believing ‘ has grown from a staff enterprise to raise adequate money to fund a cataract operation for each member of the Bank to a US $ 40 million planetary community enterprise. I wrote to Standard Chartered Bank ( SCB ) inquiring them why they decided to spouse with Aravind and LVPEI. â€Å" LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, every bit good as Aravind Eye Hospital are premier oculus attention institutes in the state. India has a huge geographic spread and both these establishments work in different geographic zones of the state. LVPEI is outstanding in the south-eastern provinces of the state while Aravind is outstanding in the southern provinces of India, † said Pratima Harite, Manager ( Sustainability ) , Corporate Affairs- India in her electronic mail response to my questions. The principle behind the India Consortium Project is the ‘vision Centre ‘ concept – that a important proportion of oculus jobs corrected or detected at the primary attention degree has significant nest eggs to the person and to the communities. â€Å" Based on the success of LVPEI ‘s Vision Centre theoretical account, the India Consortium Project p roposed scaling up the development of Vision Centres in a coordinated affair in six provinces across the state. For this, LVPEI sought support from four key implementing spouses – Prime Minister oculus attention establishments themselves across the state, † added Ms. Harite. Singapore ‘s Temasek Foundation ( TF ) part-funds SiB activities in India, peculiarly in capacity edifice i.e. in heightening the preparation constituent of the SiB programme. Is this a feasible concern theoretical account? Aravind has perfected the theoretical account over the last three decennaries. They have the engineering, behind the picture audience, in topographic point – â€Å" a low-priced radio long-distance web ( WiLDNet ) † put together by the Technology and Infrastructure for Emerging Regions ( TIER ) research group at the University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.[ 10 ]This was done to get the better of the issue of zero internet connectivity or decelerate connexions that do non back up picture audiences in distant small towns ( Laks, 2009 ) . In 2004, a nomadic new wave with satellite connectivity was introduced to ease Tele-Consultations. The Indian Space Research Organisation ‘s ( ISRO )[ 11 ]aid was sought to this extent. The ‘vision Centres ‘ can easy pass on with the base infirmary ( some 30 to 40 kilometers. ) via orbiter. These ‘vision Centres ‘ efficaciously address the issue of handiness, affordability and handiness of quality Eye Care. â€Å" A series of Centres were started across the Tamil Nadu province. Each base infirmary is connected with a group of vision Centres. At present, we have 10 ‘vision Centres ‘ that operate on WiFi. The remainder tally on BSNL[ 12 ]broadband connexions, † Mr Sundaram said. Aravind has the bringing system in topographic point. A sound apprehension of the local civilization that in many instances is antipathetic to western medical specialty and where contemporary medical specialty is non the first and lone option to handle any disease or complaint. Why would a villager trust a physician who drives down one all right forenoon and says he would wish to run upon them? Aravind Begins by naming a voluntary group for each community ; some of these voluntaries are farther trained to function as ophthalmic helpers and even as nurses in Aravind ‘s infirmaries. In a rural scene, rural common people trust their friends, neighbours, and their ain people foremost. It is about making ownership to the job, like Mr. Sundaram said, and so partnering with the community to work out the job. Aravind ‘s fiscal consequences for the twelvemonth 2008-09 were healthy. It raked in ( income ) US $ 22 million and spent ( outgo and depreciation ) US $ 13 million.[ 13 ] Discussion That Aravind and other NGOs working in a similar way, like LVPEI for case, utilize the Culture-Centered Approach, as elaborated by Dutta ( 2008 ) , in presenting quality oculus attention to rural India is rather clear. Aravind, in peculiar, has successfully integrated the CCA with the Technology-Communication-Management ( TCM ) theoretical account, as elaborated by Lee A ; Chib ( 2008 ) to make a sustainable theoretical account for Eye Care bringing. ‘Accessibility ‘ and ‘affordability ‘ are the cardinal factors in such health care theoretical accounts. In taking this path, one has to guarantee that the engineerings chosen for the occupation are cost-efficient and easy to implement because capital outgo and operational outgo do play a critical function in finding the cost of health care services. Aravind has been able to maintain the cost of Eye Care bringing considerable low systematically for many old ages now. Critics argue that organisations like Aravind are feeding-off their theoretical account. At this point, it is of import to understand the ground-realities. In India, the divide between the urban ‘haves ‘ , and the rural ‘have-nots ‘ is merely acquiring wider with each go throughing twelvemonth. Harmonizing to UN projections released 2008, â€Å" India would urbanise at a much slower rate than China and have, by 2050, 45 % of its population still populating in rural countries † ( Lederer, 2008 ) . The Government in India is non making plenty to turn to the overplus of wellness issues that plague [ the assorted parts and communities in ] the state. The flagship strategy to better health care services in rural India, the National Rural Health Mission — launched in 2005 as a seven-year programme — has many of its ends yet to be achieved, and the authorities is now sing widening it to 2015, harmonizing to recent media studies. Despite many a au thorities claims and many a authorities schemes several small towns in provinces across India continue to depend on the private sector for quality health care or in this instance Eye Care. Give this state of affairs, Aravind and LVPEI ‘s work in the way of supplying low-cost Eye Care and free oculus surgeries to five out of every 10 patients they examine is a applaudable effort. A 2nd inquiry raised in this survey is, what is the function of the health care supplier in this instance – disseminate cognition to the grass-roots or live-off their health care bringing theoretical account? Aravind is making its portion in circulating cognition to the grass-roots. Most ophthalmic helpers who adult male the ‘vision centres ‘ are community members trained by Aravind. But one has to understand that the act of cognition airing in a distant rural scene has its challenges i.e. undertaking illiteracy, basic consciousness among others and these challenges can non be addres sed in merely a few old ages. The India Consortium Project, sponsored by SCB and Temasek Foundation, set a mark to put up 40 ‘vision Centres ‘ by 2010. So far, 32 ‘vision Centres ‘ are operational and the staying will be operational this twelvemonth, harmonizing to Ms. Harite. On the impudent side, a survey by Murthy et Al. ( 2008 ) argues that the ends of the ‘Vision 2020: the right to spy ‘ inaugural to extinguish Cataract sightlessness in India by the twelvemonth 2020 may non be achieved. But this should non discourage those working in this way. Both the populace and the private sector must go on to contend Cataract Blindness because that is the lone manner to undertake the job at manus. Last but non the least, this survey recommends that NGOs runing in the health care infinite expression at both the CCA and the TCM theoretical account to guarantee better service bringing. How to cite Improving Eye Care Rural India, Essay examples

Nursing Scope and Standards

Question: Discuss about the Nursing for Scope and Standards. Answer: Introduction: The care plan will be developed upon assessment of the patient Michelle Bell, who presented symptoms like frequent bouts of breathlessness and nausea. Her diagnosis revealed high BP, 165/90 mmHg along with mild tachycardia. During the presentation of second round of breathlessness, she was extremely pale and her pulse was irregular, 160 bpm. Reviewing her heath history, it has been revealed that she lives a harsh lifestyle, including long hours in office, frequent interstate travel with no exercise or healthy diet plan. She also consumes alcohol on regular basis. Diagnosis Based on the above symptoms presented by the patient, the registered nurse would recommend for a thorough physical exam, chest X-ray, ECG, a CT scan, cardiac imaging, and MRI for identifying the actual health complications Michele is experiencing (Healey et al. 2012). The condition is diagnosed to be atrial fibrillation, in which the abnormal firing of electrical impulses causes fibrilation of atria. High systolic blood pressure is the most common cause of AF, thus it can be a common cause of Mrs. Bells symptoms, as her blood pressure is 160/90 mmHg. In addition, she consumes alcohol on regular basis, which is also a risk factor for AF. She was extremely pale at the time of second breathlessness. Goal statement After bringing the patient to the emergency department, the short term goal for the patient is to stabilize the patient. It can be done by rate control or rhythm control treatment. The long term goal will include secondary prevention of further complications like stroke, heart failure, angina and hypertension. The long term goal will also aim to educate the patient about healthy lifestyle for her well being (Camm et al. 2012). Intervention Mrs. Bell has been diagnosed with high risk of stroke or health failure, which has been presented by frequent breathlessness, nausea and irregular pulse. Initially, for stabilizing the patient, according to the short term goal, the initial requirement is to control the rapid and irregular pulse. For this, several medicines like beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin are recommended for slowing the heart rate. In beta-blocker, atenolol, propranolol and in calcium chain blocker medicine, dilitiazem and verapamil are administered initially (Healey et al. 2012). These medicines would interfere with the irregular electrical impulses of heart, thereby bringing heart rate back to normal range (i.e. 90 bpm). In case of long term care plan, an anticoagulant treatment would be recommended for reducing the chance of blood clot, thereby reducing the risk of stroke. The commonly used anticoagulant is warfarin, which can prevent stroke by two thirds (Camm et al. 2012). However, there are some common adverse effects, for which regular blood test is recommended, while recommending warfarin. Evidences suggest that proper exercise and healthy diet can reduce the risk of stroke, by improving blood circulation (Camm et al. 2012). Thus, a physical therapist would be appointed to make a physical exercise program for Mrs. Bell. The exercise plan will focus more on cardiovascular or aerobic exercise, to improve her blood circulation. She would be recommended to meet a dietician for a proper diet plan. A health promotion session would be arranged for her, where she would be educated about the importance of healthy diet and exercise for her health and well being. Moreover, she would be educated to reduce her alcohol consumption and maintain a healthy diet, while travelling. Reflection Being a registered nurse, I have demonstrated my risk handling and problem solving skills, while dealing with Mrs. Bells complications. Visualizing Mrs. Bells physical status, I have used my critical thinking skills and decided to take her to the emergency department and consulted with the physician. While assessing her medical and personal history, I have initially established a good rapport with the patient, for enhancing her trust towards the therapeutic relationship, thereby meeting my professional nursing standard. I have potentially involved in the multidisciplinary team and assisted the other professionals like physical therapist or dietician. It enhanced my professional competence and promoted the success of care intervention (American Nurses Association 2010). Moreover, I have fulfilled the duty of care in the professional practice area. I have kept all the personal and health care related information confidential, meeting the ethical codes of nursing. However, I have one we akness that initially, which was my nervousness prior handling an issue. Thus, I need to improve in this area in future practice. Reference List American Nurses Association, 2010. Nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Nursesbooks. org.. Camm, A.J., Lip, G.Y., De Caterina, R., Savelieva, I., Atar, D., Hohnloser, S.H., Hindricks, G., Kirchhof, P., Bax, J.J., Baumgartner, H. and Ceconi, C., 2012. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. European heart journal, 33(21), pp.2719-2747. Healey, J.S., Connolly, S.J., Gold, M.R., Israel, C.W., Van Gelder, I.C., Capucci, A., Lau, C.P., Fain, E., Yang, S., Bailleul, C. and Morillo, C.A., 2012. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(2),

North Coat Town- Robert Gray Analysis free essay sample

The two utilities both represent the need to use the restroom and his hunger from not eating anything, as he could not afford anything. Just from stanza 1, readers can get the idea that this man is a hitchhiker. This demonstrates the life of these hitchhikers and how they would get through life day after day. In Stanza 2, the man washes himself up at a tap where he steps into mud, as there is always mud at taps. ‘Vandals Lavatory’, Grey uses the word ‘Vandal’ as he does not appreciate people vandalizing the streets to ruin the beauty of the Australian Coast Lines. The persona flushes the toilet and gets a chill whilst flushing, it’s the use of an actual toilet that gives him this chill as hitchhikers if not able to find a nearby toilet will often go in a bush. In Stanza 3, the man eats a floury apple, which he supposedly found in a supermarket bin where you find ruined goods. We will write a custom essay sample on North Coat Town- Robert Gray Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Grey uses personification ‘At this kerb sand crawls by’ to demonstrate that it was almost like the path was covered in sand moving slowly from the light wind about. Car after car now-its like a boxer warming up with the heavy bag, spitting air’ the cars on the street are busy going somewhere. The use of simile is comparing the cars to a boxing match, how dangerous and violent of each car passing is like a punch by a boxer. In Stanza 4, a car slows down and the man chases after it getting himself a ride. Two cars going shooting. Plastic pennants are everywhere, totally artificial and suggest high pressure selling by city petrol station. A dog is trotting down the road and someone else is hosing down their pavement, demonstrates the ordinary town life. Our image flaps in shop fronts’ Grey uses onomatopoeia. They ‘past the pink ’Tropicana’ motel (stucco with sea shells)’, recalling the Shell station in the first Stanza. As they driv e outta town they pass bulldozed acres probably the site of new infrastructure being built. They’re changing the area to look more like ‘California’. ‘Pass an Abo, not attempting to hitch, outside town’, the aboriginal lives outside of town and feels no need to try and catch a ride as there is no point since no one would consider giving them a lift.